![]() ![]() Only now, are mice being investigated ( Juavinett and Callaway, 2015 Muir et al., 2015 Palagina et al., 2017). In particular, non-human primates have been extensively used as a model ( Movshon et al., 1985 Newsome and Paré, 1988 Britten et al., 1992 Tinsley et al., 2003 Smith et al., 2005 Majaj et al., 2007 Hedges et al., 2011 Solomon et al., 2011 Kumbhani et al., 2015 Chaplin et al., 2017), yielding seminal insights. Global motion computations have been studied in a variety of animal species from flies ( Saleem et al., 2012) to humans ( Adelson and Movshon, 1982). To solve this challenging computational problem, it is generally assumed that visual circuits from retina to V1 first dissects direction of motion for components of the object, such as oriented contours ( Yonehara et al., 2011, 2013 Cruz-Martín et al., 2014 Hillier et al., 2017) and neurons in extrastriate areas combine those component motions to form the global object motion representation ( Adelson and Bergen, 1985 DeAngelis et al., 1993b Albright and Stoner, 1995 Simoncelli and Heeger, 1998 Rust et al., 2006). Due to this “ aperture problem”, one-dimensional local motion information from multiple contours needs to converge to unambiguously encode global two-dimensional object motion. Such a task is not trivial when seen through an aperture, as imposed by the small receptive field of a retinal ganglion cell or a primary visual cortex (V1) neuron, only the motion component orthogonal to a contour can be inferred, while the parallel motion component remains ambiguous ( Adelson and Movshon, 1982 Movshon et al., 1985 Carandini et al., 2005). One fundamental task faced by the visual system is the computation of global motion of an object from the collection of local motion of the objects constituents ( Movshon et al., 1985 Newsome et al., 1990). We propose that PDS cells in mouse visual cortex appear as the perfect arena for delineating and solving how individual sensory features extracted by neural circuits in peripheral brain areas are integrated to build our rich cohesive sensory experiences.Ī withstanding cardinal question in neurophysiology is how neural circuits in the cerebral cortex compute and construct our perceptions of the world based on dynamically changing activity patterns of sensory neurons. Lastly, we propose what types of experiments could illuminate what circuit mechanisms are governing cortical global visual motion processing. In this Perspective article, we provide an overview of the experimental and theoretical literature on global motion processing based on works in primates and mice. Although mouse visual cortex lacks the highly ordered orientation columns of primates, it is organized in functional sub-networks and contains striate- and extrastriate areas like its primate counterparts. ![]() The visual cortex of the mouse is an attractive model for experimentally solving this issue due to the large molecular and genetic toolbox available. ![]() However, how PDS and CDS cells develop their distinct response properties is still unresolved. ![]() A particularly well-defined visual computation is the representation of global object motion by pattern direction-selective (PDS) cells from convergence of motion of local components represented by component direction-selective (CDS) cells.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |